雨水中pH值测试实验室间比对的组织及结果分析

从实验室的自身能力验证和内部质量控制的需要出发。探讨了开展雨水中pH值洲试的实验室之间的比对目的、计划、实施和评价方法。并对结果进行了统计分析。     

The “Business Climate” and Economic Inequality

“Business climate indexes” characterize state economic policies, and are often used to try to influence economic policy debate. However, they are also useful in research as summaries of a large number of state policies that cannot be studied simultaneously. Prior research found that business climate indexes focused on productivity and quality of life do not predict economic growth, while indexes emphasizing taxes and costs of doing business indicate that low‐tax, low‐cost states have faster growth of employment, wages, and output. In this paper, we study the relationship between these two categories of business climate indexes and the promotion of equality or inequality. We do not find that the productivity/quality‐of‐life indexes predict more equitable outcomes, although some of the policies underlying them suggest they might. We do find, however, that the same tax‐and‐cost‐related indexes that are associated with higher economic growth are also associated with increases in inequality.     

Study on formation mechanisms of Gannan navel orange characteristic industrial clusters on organizational ecology

The planter history of Gannan navel orange might trace to 1970s, up to now underwent in more than 30 years. Approximately, the development historical division on the Gannan navel orange is 4 stages. The natural environment factor, the customer factor, and the political factor have played crucial roles in the formation and development of GNOCIC. Among them, the rich natural resource and the superior geographical environment are the material base. And government＇s support is the main propelling force. The customers＇ expense is the final decision strength by chance which it develops, expands.     

Cost-effectiveness of beef slaughterhouse decontamination measures in the Netherlands

The cost-effectiveness of seven decontamination measures to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 (VTEC)-contaminated carcass quarters in a typical Dutch dairy-beef industrial slaughterhouse were explored. To estimate the effectiveness a stochastic epidemiological-simulation model was used and to estimate the net cost a deterministic-economic model. The estimated baseline prevalence of daily-contaminated quarters was 9.16% (with a 90% confidence interval 4.40-13.10%). A reduction in the prevalence of VTEC-contaminated quarters to 2% using decontamination measures is achieved at costs of €0.20 to €0.50 per quarter, which is 16-40% of the net profit per carcass. A reduction to a prevalence of 1% will cost €0.50-€1.00 per quarter. Additional carcass trim and carcass steam-pasteurization are considered as the most cost-effective decontamination measures with costs of €16,340 and €20,243 per year to achieve a 1% prevalence reduction. Nevertheless, the lowest level of VTEC prevalence, less than 1%, is achieved using a set of measures that costs between €1.00 and €2.00 per quarter or, by implementing irradiation, which costs €4.65 per quarter.     

Significant Issues for the Future: Some Additional Perspectives

The rational elements of management dominated the questions raised by our Editorial Board members in the previous issue of JPIM when they offered their ideas in, "Significant Issues For the Future of Product Innovation." In this article, the discussion is continued with some other Board members but this time the human side of managements gets its due attention. The issues presented here add to the picture of complexity that is the reality of product innovation but they also may provoke the thinking that can lead to an improvement in management performance.     

Beliefs,Economic Volatility,and Redistributive Preferences Across Developing Countries

Beliefs about social competition affect redistributive demands and the responsibility assigned to government regarding public provisions. Given the strong link between beliefs and the extent of support for social protection, it is important to explain the cross‐country differences. The paper analyzes the factors that are crucial in explaining redistributive demands across developing countries with a special emphasis on beliefs about social competition. While ideas about luck versus effort in determining economic prospects are explanatory in every country, our findings also suggest that in societies with high economic volatility the role of beliefs is amplified. Vast fluctuations in economic performance fuel the opinion that economic failure is a result of systemic characteristics, and individuals are not necessarily held fully responsible for their material faiths in such settings. Therefore, government is assigned a greater role in basic provisioning.     

Evaluating the median voter model’s explanatory power

We match individual senators’ voting behavior on legislative proposals with 24 real referendum decisions on exactly the same issues with identical wording. This setting allows us to evaluate the median voter model’s quality with revealed constituents’ preferences. Results indicate a limited explanatory power of the median voter model: It explains 17.6% points more than random voting and that a senator’s probability to accept a proposal in parliament increases on average by 8.4% points when the district median voter accepts the proposal.     

气相色谱—质谱法测定酱菜中的丙酸残留

建立了气相色谱-质谱测定出口酱菜中丙酸残留量的方法。酱菜以水蒸汽蒸馏方法进行提取和净化,采用气相色谱质谱测定,选择离子监测模式检测。方法的检出限为1mg/kg,在10-100 mg/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9995;在100 mg/kg5、0 mg/kg2、0 mg/kg、10 mg/kg 4个添加水平下,丙酸的添加回收率在97.0%-106.7%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.0%。该方法灵敏度高,水蒸汽净化效果良好,能有效消除杂质基质带来的干扰,可作为日常样品中丙酸残留量的检测和确证方法。     

基于S7-200的盐业自动化包装生产线供料系统的一种面向对象程序设计方法

本文分析了盐业自动化包装生产线供料系统的控制要求,并描述了一种在S7-200CPU上实现面向对象编程的技巧。通过对被控模型的分析,叙述了如何利用此技巧,构造整个程序方法,从而达到了快速,高效的生成优质控制程序的效果。     

Excise Tax Harmonisation in Australia at Federation

Constitutional changes at the time of Federation in Australia required the harmonisation of the excise tax rates of the former Colonies. This paper outlines the excise tax systems of the Colonies before Federation and that of the Commonwealth after Federation. Estimates are made of the consumer tax equivalent rates and of the implicit rates of protection in each Colony and in the Commonwealth after Federation. The Commonwealth Government harmonised the excise tax rates of the Colonies at about the mid‐points of the rates of the Colonies but the implicit rates of protection increased after Federation.